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乳腺结节、乳腺增生都会癌变吗?8 个高危因素要注意

发布时间:2024-01-29

人数越多,比率越轻,复发病危险性就越大。另外,据估计有 5%~10% 的白血病复发者为遗传性。

除此之外,有过内膜疾病、骨体积较高、胸部做过放疗、内膜体积过大的男士,白血病的危险性都都会持续上升。

如何减小白血病危险性?

1.减重:绝经后男士减重不必要都会减小白血病危险性。

2.较高脂饮食:减少脂肪组织起来人体内不必要可以减少代谢若无立体化征平庸和雌二醇较高水平,从而减小白血病危险性。

3.母乳:研究课题挖掘出母乳可以减小白血病危险性,每母乳 12 个月,白血病的相对危险度下降 4.3%。

4.户外活动身体:与最欠缺锻炼身体的男士相比,锻炼身体最积极的男士白血病危险性更加较高。

5.现代医学干涉:绝经后男士常用芳香酶抑制剂,或绝经前/后男士常用他莫昔芬,可以减小白血病危险性。以外 BRCA 基因感染者等较高危人群,进行切除术也可显著减小白血病危险性。

除此之外,即已不育、管制酒精人体内以及不吸烟都可以有助于减小白血病的危险性。

引文

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[5] Zhang Y, Kiel DP, Kreger BE, Cupples LA, Ellison RC, Dorgan JF, Schatzkin A, Levy D, Felson DT. Bone mass and the risk of breast cancer among postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med. 1997 Feb 27;336(9):611-7. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199702273360903. PMID: 9032046.

[6] Farhat GN, Cummings SR, Chlebowski RT, Parimi N, Cauley JA, Rohan TE, Huang AJ, Vitolins M, Hubbell FA, Manson JE, Cochrane BB, Lane DS, Lee JS. Sex hormone levels and risks of estrogen receptor-negative and estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2011 Apr 6;103(7):562-70. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djr031. Epub 2011 Feb 17. PMID: 21330633; PMCID: PMC3071353.

[7] Pan K, Nelson RA, Wactawski-Wende J, Lee DJ, Manson JE, Aragaki AK, Mortimer JE, Phillips LS, Rohan T, Ho GYF, Saquib N, Shadyab AH, Nassir R, Rhee JJ, Hurria A, Chlebowski RT. Insulin Resistance and Cancer-Specific and All-Cause Mortality in Postmenopausal Women: The Women's Health Initiative. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2020 Feb 1;112(2):170-178. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djz069. PMID: 31184362; PMCID: PMC7019097.

[8] Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer. Menarche, menopause, and breast cancer risk: individual participant meta-ysis, including 118 964 women with breast cancer from 117 epidemiological studies. Lancet Oncol. 2012 No13(11):1141-51. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70425-4. Epub 2012 Oct 17. PMID: 23084519; PMCID: PMC3488186.

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谋划制作

写作者丨茹若鹏 上海交通大学附属妇产科病房主治医师

审核丨唐芹 中华现代医学都会科学普及部主任 研究课题员

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